Diabetes prevention through digital therapy for highrisk individuals: Study protocol for the Malaysia Diabetes Prevention Programme (MyDiPP)

@#Introduction: Intervention approaches that integrate human coaching into technology are considered as a convenient, accessible and scalable method to reach a larger population at risk. The objective of this paper is to present the protocol for a randomised controlled trial that evaluates the efficacy of a lifestyle intervention programme via a mobile phone app (MyDiPP), which aims to prevent diabetes among adults at risk of developing diabetes. Methods: MyDiPP intervention is to be delivered for 12 months with multiple approaches (weight loss, dietary modification, physical activity, and quality of life). Eligible adults aged 18-65 years, overweight/obese (body mass index, BMI ≥ 23kg/m2), and at high risk of type 2 diabetes [American Diabetes Association (ADA) Diabetes Risk Score ≥5, or haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.6-6.2%], will be randomly assigned to one of two study groups (intervention or usual care control groups) in a 1:1 ratio using simple randomisation. Results: Changes in weight and HbA1c level (primary outcomes), and changes in physical activity level, dietary intake, and quality of life (secondary outcomes) will be assessed at 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: This study protocol describes the first digital therapy for diabetes prevention in Malaysia, which will determine whether the effect of this intervention is larger than the effect of usual care in reducing body weight and HbA1c level, and improving dietary intake, physical activity, and quality of life of high-risk individuals. Results from this trial may be useful for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia.

Anxiety-Depression Psychopathology Of A Patient With Voyeurism, Major Depression And Premature Ejaculation

Objective: This case report highlights a case of young male referred for psychiatric evaluation due to paraphilic disorder. This 27-year old single male working as an assistant accountantwas noted to have voyeuristic behaviour andpresented with depressive symptoms since his teenage age. He has poor coping whenever he experiences stress in life. He started to watch pornographic videosand subsequently get involved by peeping pre-pubescent’s undergarments. These activities are followed by a compulsive behavioursuch as masturbation to gratify his sexual arousal. Results: The patient undergone several psychotherapy sessions, and medical report was furnished for the court's purpose. Our assessment revealed that he was suffering from a lifetime major depressive disorder,and he was prescribed with Tablet Sertraline 50mg/daily.He also has premature ejaculation, severe in nature. He regretted his voyeuristic urge and psychotherapyfocused on how to channel his sexual needs. Conclusion: Mood disorder is seen in paraphilic disorder and has to be dealt with in order to establish good management care.

Impacts Of Three Different Relaxation Techniques On Mood States Among Athletes

Relaxation technique is a method, process, procedure or activity that helps a person to relax. There are several methods of relaxation techniques that can be used proven beneficial to improve the individual state of relaxation. Relaxation can be performed individually or in a group. With suitable technique of relaxation, it will improve quality of life as well as emotional and physical. This study aims to investigate the impact of three different relaxation techniques, namely Autogenic (AGR), Progressive Muscle (PMR) and Music Relaxation (MR) on mood states among Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) athletes. Eighty UniSZA athletes aged between 18 to 25 years old were randomly assigned into four groups which were AGR, PMR, MR and control group. Each groups consisted of 20 subjects which were male and female athletes with multidiscipline of the sports involvement. The mood states were determined by Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) during pre and post-intervention. The subjects in the three intervention groups received relaxation training twice a week for four weeks, 30 minutes per sessions. While, a control group not received any relaxation training during the intervention time. Repeated measure ANOVA conducted showed that the two parameters in BRUMS significantly changes in post-intervention such vigour (F=16.083, p<0.0001) and confusion (F=3.412, p=0.022). Other negative mood scores showed no significant changes such; (anger; F=2.235, p=0.091, depression; F=0.960, p=0.416, fatigue; F=0.724, p=0.540, tension; F=16.083, p=0.913).The results of Pairwise Comparison revealed that the three types of relaxation techniques (AGR, PMR and MR) effective to enhance vigour (positive mood) score among the adult subjects. In this study, PMR was the most effective relaxation technique followed by AGR and MR to regulate the mood state among adults.

Impacts Of Three Different Relaxation Techniques On Mood States Among Athletes

@#Relaxation technique is a method, process, procedure or activity that helps a person to relax. There are several methods of relaxation techniques that can be used proven beneficial to improve the individual state of relaxation. Relaxation can be performed individually or in a group. With suitable technique of relaxation, it will improve quality of life as well as emotional and physical. This study aims to investigate the impact of three different relaxation techniques, namely Autogenic (AGR), Progressive Muscle (PMR) and Music Relaxation (MR) on mood states among Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) athletes. Eighty UniSZA athletes aged between 18 to 25 years old were randomly assigned into four groups which were AGR, PMR, MR and control group. Each groups consisted of 20 subjects which were male and female athletes with multidiscipline of the sports involvement. The mood states were determined by Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) during pre and post-intervention. The subjects in the three intervention groups received relaxation training twice a week for four weeks, 30 minutes per sessions. While, a control group not received any relaxation training during the intervention time. Repeated measure ANOVA conducted showed that the two parameters in BRUMS significantly changes in post-intervention such vigour (F=16.083, p<0.0001) and confusion (F=3.412, p=0.022). Other negative mood scores showed no significant changes such; (anger; F=2.235, p=0.091, depression; F=0.960, p=0.416, fatigue; F=0.724, p=0.540, tension; F=16.083, p=0.913).The results of Pairwise Comparison revealed that the three types of relaxation techniques (AGR, PMR and MR) effective to enhance vigour (positive mood) score among the adult subjects. In this study, PMR was the most effective relaxation technique followed by AGR and MR to regulate the mood state among adults.

Undergraduate Medical Students’ Attitude And Preferences Toward Traditional Lecture Versus Informal Cooperative Learning

Cooperative learning is one of the active learning techniques. There are three commonly recognized types of cooperative learning groups, namely informal cooperative learning (ICL), formal cooperative learning and cooperative base groups. There is no study been done on ICL which relate to radiology teaching. The results of this study will provide evidence to support either traditional lecture (TL) or ICL is a more suitable teaching method for radiology teaching. This study was aimed to compare students’ attitude and preference towards TL versus ICL in radiology teaching. This interventional study had been conducted among 52 third year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. They underwent both TL and ICL methods during eleven radiology lectures in classroom setting from September 2013 until July 2014. Subsequently, multiple items questionnaires regarding students’ attitude and preferences towards TL and ICL were administered. These questionnaires had undergone validation process and revealed excellent internal consistency with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.90, 0.92 and 0.88 respectively. The mean total attitude score towards informal cooperative learning was (90.90) (SD: 11.73) significantly higher than the score for traditional lecture 85.46 (SD: 11.82) (p= 0.012). Students showed preference in ICL significantly in six domains. These domains were active involvement in the class, promotion of good rapport among classmates, getting an opportunity to help others, facilitation of understanding difficult materials, improvement of communication skills, opportunity for training to be a good leader and follower, and opportunity for enabling to participate in sharing information, making decision and problem solving. ICL method is recommended in radiology teaching because students demonstrated better students’ attitude and preferences in the learning sessions as compared to TL.

Depression and Coping Strategies Among Sexually Abused Children In A Malay Community In Malaysia

Objective: The fact that childhood sexual abuse is associated with depression is well-known. To date, there is no proper study done on screening for depression and coping strategies among sexually abused children in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and examine the association of depression with the socio-demographics and coping strategies used by sexually abused children. Methods: Sixty-five sexually abused children who attended the One Stop Crisis Centre (OSCC) services at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and fulfilled the study criteria were screened for depression using a validated Malay version of Children Depression Inventory (CDI).Depression was determined by a positive score of the Malay-CDI with depression being indicated in scores of more than 18. Results: In the study sample, 16 (24.6 %) participants had been depressed and 49 (75.4 %) participants had not been depressed. Having a confidante was a protective factor against depression. Short duration of time between the abuse incident and the clinical interview was significantly associated with depression. With respect to coping strategies, 59 (90.8 %) used emotion-focused strategies and 6 (9.2 %) used problem or task-focused strategies. Among emotion-focused coping strategies, participants did the following: deciding that nothing could be done to change things, were in denial, and suppressed their feelings. Conclusion: Twenty five percent of the sample suffered from depression. The screening of depression in the vulnerable group such as sexually abused children is important, particularly for early detection and treatment. By recognizing the coping strategies used in sexually abused children, the clinician could understand them better and plan for their psychological management.